A British Airways employee suffered discrimination at work over her Christian beliefs, the European Court of Human Rights has ruled.
Judges ruled Nadia Eweida's rights had been violated under Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
She took her case to the European Court of Human Rights after BA made her stop wearing a cross visibly.
Judges ruled that the rights of three other Christians had not been violated by their employers.
Analysis
The case of Nadia Eweida will send a signal there is a need for a reasonable accommodation when staff want to wear a cross at work.
The ruling by the ECHR is the culmination of many cases where traditionalists have taken their grievances to court.
Great discretion has been given to national governments and employers to set what they see as appropriate measures to protect the equality of gay people and decide if people should be allowed to wear religious symbols.
In the cases of Gary McFarlane and Lillian Ladele, the Court said it was more important there should be no discrimination against gay people than it was that they should be able to behave in accordance with their religious beliefs at work.
They had brought cases against the government for not protecting their rights but ministers, who contested the claims, argued that the rights of the employees were only protected in private.
Ms Eweida, a Coptic Christian from Twickenham in south-west London, told the BBC she was "jumping with joy" after the ruling, adding that it had "not been an easy ride".
British Airways said: "Our own uniform policy was changed in 2007 to allow Miss Eweida and others to wear symbols of faith and she and other employees have been working under these arrangements for the last six years.
"Miss Eweida has worked continuously for British Airways for 13 years."
Following the rulings, Prime Minister David Cameron said he was "delighted" that the "principle of wearing religious symbols at work has been upheld", adding that people "shouldn't suffer discrimination due to religious beliefs".
And the Archbishop of York said Christians and those of other faiths "should be free to wear the symbols of their own religion without discrimination".
"Start Quote
End Quote Dr John Sentamu Archbishop of YorkChristians are not obliged to wear a cross but should be free to show their love for and trust in Jesus Christ in this way if they so wish"
The other cases involved nurse Shirley Chaplin, 57, whose employer also stopped her wearing necklaces with a cross, Gary McFarlane, 51 - a marriage counsellor fired after saying he might object to giving sex therapy advice to gay couples - and registrar Lillian Ladele, who was disciplined after she refused to conduct same-sex civil partnership ceremonies.
The four had made individual applications to the ECHR after losing separate employment tribunals but their cases were heard together.
They argued their employers' actions went against articles nine and 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which protected their rights to "freedom of thought, conscience and religion" and prohibited religious discrimination.
BBC religious affairs correspondent Robert Pigott said the judgements gave wide discretion to employers to set reasonable policies, especially in respect of providing services to gay people.
"It's a setback for traditionalist Christians who have lost numerous cases in British courts when they have argued their right to behave at work in line with their beliefs," he said.
Ms Eweida, 60, was banned from displaying her white gold cross at work.
Ms Eweida did not attend work for a period of time in 2006 while an internal appeal was held into her refusal to remove her cross. She remains a British Airways employee.
The evolution of the cross
- The cross has not always been the main symbol of Christianity. In the early days of the Church in Rome many believers used the fish symbol to avoid detection
- Crucifixion was also a method of execution for murderers and thieves, so some of the earliest depictions of Jesus on a cross were used by Pagans to mock early Christians
- The use of the cross as a symbol became more overtly popular after the conversion of Emperor Constantine to Christianity in the 4th Century
- It is now the most widely recognisable symbol of Christianity, used by many Christians as an aid to prayer as well as a symbol of their faith
Source: BBC Religion and Ethics
An employment tribunal found she had not been subjected to religious discrimination.
BA had already altered its uniform code, prior to the tribunal, to allow symbols of faith, including crosses.
Ms Ladele was disciplined by Islington Council, in north London, after saying she did not want to conduct same-sex civil partnership ceremonies. Her lawyers said the service could have been performed by other employees who were prepared to carry them out.
The Christian Institute said it was "disappointed" by the ruling, adding that it showed Christians with traditional beliefs about marriage were "at risk of being left out in the cold".
Mr McFarlane, a Bristol relationship counsellor, worked for the Avon branch of national charity Relate but was sacked for gross misconduct in 2008 after saying on a training course he might have an objection to discussing sexual problems with gay couples.
He told BBC News that the decision taken by European judges in his case was "a regrettable judgment" for all faiths, not just Christians, and said he would discuss his next move with his lawyers.
Ms Chaplin, from Exeter, was transferred to a desk job by Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust Hospital for failing to remove a confirmation crucifix on a small chain, which she had worn to work for 30 years.
The BBC's Robert Pigott said the European judges had decided that agreed health and safety concerns outweighed her religious rights.
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Gary McFarlane: "The lawyers will be considering what we do next"
Following the rulings, Archbishop of York Dr John Sentamu released a statement in which he said: "Christians and those of other faiths should be free to wear the symbols of their own religion without discrimination.
"Christians are not obliged to wear a cross but should be free to show their love for and trust in Jesus Christ in this way if they so wish."
He said the Equality Act 2010 "encourages employers to embrace diversity - including people of faith", adding: "Whether people can wear a cross or pray with someone should not be something about which courts and tribunals have to rule."
'Traditions of tolerance'Meanwhile, Keith Porteous-Wood, of the National Secular Society, said: "Religious people who feel elements of their job go against their conscience can always find employment that better matches their needs. That is true religious freedom."
Shami Chakrabarti, director of human rights group Liberty, said the judgment was "an excellent result for equal treatment, religious freedom and common sense".
She said British courts had "lost their way" in Ms Eweida's case and "Strasbourg has actually acted more in keeping with our traditions of tolerance."
"However the court was also right to uphold judgments in other cases that employers can expect staff not to discriminate in the discharge of duties at work," she added.
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