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Chemical weapons expert Hamish de Bretton-Gordon says the unverified footage is consistent with chemical weapon use
Chemical weapons attacks have killed hundreds on the outskirts of Damascus, Syrian opposition activists say.
Rockets with toxic agents were launched at the suburbs of the Ghouta region early on Wednesday as part of a major bombardment on rebel forces, they say.
Syrian officials have denied the claims, saying they are an attempt to distract UN weapons inspectors.
The main opposition alliance said that more than 650 people had been killed by the attacks.
Activist networks also reported death tolls in the hundreds, but these could not be independently confirmed.
It is also not clear how many died in the bombardment of the sites and how many deaths were due to any exposure to toxic substances.
UK Foreign Secretary William Hague and French President Francois Hollande called for UN inspectors to be allowed access to the area and said Britain and France would raise the issue at the UN.
If confirmed, the attacks would mark a "shocking escalation in the use of chemical weapons in Syria", Mr Hague said.
The Arab League echoed the call for the inspectors to go to the site.
The attack took place as part of a heavy government bombardment of the region surrounding Damascus, where government forces have been trying to drive out rebel forces.
Casualties were reported in the areas of Irbin, Duma and Muadhamiya among others, activists said.
Footage uploaded to YouTube from the scene by activists shows many people being treated in makeshift hospitals.
The videos show victims, including many children, having convulsions. Others are apparently immobile and have difficulty breathing.
The BBC has not been able to authenticate the footage fully, but based on additional checks made, it is believed to be genuine.
"Many of the casualties are women and children. They arrived with their pupils dilated, cold limbs and foam in their mouths," a nurse at a Duma medical facility, Bayan Baker, told Reuters.
Chemical weapons claims
- Khan al-Assal, 19 March 2013 - Syrian state media accuse rebels of killing 31 people with rockets containing "chemical materials". Rebels blame the army for the attack.
- Al-Otaybeh, 19 March 2013 - Opposition activists allege an attack in which six people are reported dead, apparently in reprisal for gains made by rebel forces.
- Adra, 24 March 2013 - The LCC activist network say two people are killed in an attack.
- Sheikh Maqsoud, Aleppo, 13 April 2013 - At least three people are killed in an attack; internet footage of the victims shows symptoms consistent with exposure to nerve gas.
- Saraqeb, 29 April 2013 - Eyewitnesses say canisters containing a poisonous gas are dropped from a helicopter above the town. Eight people are injured, one of whom later dies.
The number of casualties is much higher than in previous allegations of chemical weapons attacks.
The Sana news agency said the reports of the attack were "baseless", quoting a "media source".
The reports were "an attempt to divert the UN chemical weapons investigation commission away from carrying out its duties", Sana said.
The head of the inspection mission, Ake Sellstrom, said he had seen TV footage of the latest attack but nothing more.
"It sounds like something that should be looked into," Mr Sellstrom told the Swedish TT news agency.
Mr Sellstrom said that whether his team went to the scene would depend on whether any UN member state went to the UN Secretary General and asked them to.
The inspectors arrived on Sunday and are due to investigate three other locations, including the northern town of Khan al-Assal, where some 26 people were killed in March.
'Horrific' footageThe latest incident throws up more questions than answers, the BBC's Middle East Editor Jeremy Bowen reports.
Many will ask why the government would want to use such weapons at a time when inspectors are in the country and the military has been doing well militarily in the area around Damascus, he says.
Some will suspect that the footage has been fabricated, but the videos that have been emerged would be difficult to fake, he adds.
Hamish de Bretton-Gordon, a former commanding officer at the UK's Joint Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear Regiment, told the BBC's Today programme that the footage was "horrific" and agreed that it would be "very difficult to stage-manage".
If the UN inspectors were able to get to the scene, they should have the equipment to identify the chemical that had been used, if any, Mr de Bretton-Gordon said.
Residue from any agent used should be detectable at the scene for a period of two to three days or possibly a week, he said.
Both the rebels and government forces have accused each other of using chemical weapons during the conflict.
It is not possible to independently verify the claims.
In July 2012, the Syrian government implicitly admitted what had long been suspected by experts in the field of chemical weapons proliferation - that Syria had stocks of chemical weapons.
Experts believe it has large undeclared stockpiles of mustard gas and sarin nerve agent.
Damascus said the weapons, stored and secured by the armed forces, would never be used "inside Syria", but could be used against an external attack.
Chemical weapons | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sarin - nerve agent | Mustard gas - blistering agent | |
| Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | ||
| Appearance/smell | Odourless, tasteless, colourless | Colourless and sometimes odourless. Claimed to have smell similar to rotten onions, garlic or mustard |
| Form | Liquid form, vaporises (gas) quickly and spreads | Liquid at room temperature, but is more commonly used in its gas form |
| Absorption | Contact with skin or inhalation or can be ingested in food or water | Contact with skin or inhalation |
| Speed of impact | Symptoms appear within seconds after exposure to vapour form and up to 18 hours after exposure to liquid form | No immediate symptoms upon contact; takes two - 24 hours for victim to become aware |
| Effects | Sarin attacks the nervous system. Inhalation can cause death within 1 - 10 minutes of exposure | Mustard gas is a blistering agent, burning eyes and skin exposed to it and lungs, mouth and throat if it is inhaled. It is not normally lethal, but can cause cancer and serious disfigurement |
| Symptoms | Mild exposures can result in eye irritation, runny nose, blurred vision, drooling, a cough, chest tightness, diarrhoea, confusion, drowsiness and nausea. Serious exposure can kill in minutes without treatment. Symptoms include respiratory failure, loss of consciousness and paralysis | Conjunctivitis, skin burns, throat pain, cough and susceptibility to infection and pneumonia |
| Treatment | Antidotes atropine and physostigmine but must be administered immediately | There is no treatment or antidote to treat mustard agent injuries. The agent must be removed entirely from the body |
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