Pro-Ukrainian activists have been beaten up by pro-Russian groups at a rally in Crimea's city of Sevastopol.
The activists were attacked with whips, a BBC reporter at the scene says, describing the scenes as very ugly.
Russian troops and allied militias are now in de-facto control of Ukraine's autonomous region ahead of a referendum, which Kiev says is illegal.
The US has warned Moscow that any moves to annex Crimea, an autonomous region, would close the door to diplomacy.
The violence erupted when pro-Russian groups attacked dozens of people guarding a rally to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Ukrainian poet and national hero Taras Shevchenko.
The crowd threw missiles at a car as the activists tried to flee the scene, smashing windows.
Some of the attackers were Russian Cossacks.
The rally was attended by about 200 people.
A rival pro-Russian demonstration was also staged in the city - the base of Russia's Black Sea Fleet.
In other developments on Sunday:
- Thousands of people attend a meeting to commemorate Taras Shevchenko in Kiev, with Ukrainian PM Arseniy Yatsenyuk pledging not to give a "single centimetre" of Ukrainian land to Russia
- Pro-Russian supporters are holding a rally in the eastern city of Donetsk; there have been no reports of any violence so far
On Friday, US Secretary of State John Kerry told Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov that Crimea was part of Ukraine and Moscow should avoid military escalation.
- 21 Nov 2013: President Viktor Yanukovych abandons deal on closer ties with EU in favour of closer co-operation with Russia
- December 2013: Pro-EU protesters occupy Kiev city hall and Independence Square
- 20 Feb: At least 88 people killed in 48 hours of bloodshed in Kiev
- 21 Feb: President Yanukovych signs compromise deal with opposition leaders
- 22 Feb: President Yanukovych flees Kiev. Parliament votes to remove him and sets elections for 25 May
- 27-28 Feb: Pro-Russian gunmen seize key buildings in Crimean capital Simferopol
- 1 March: Russian parliament approves President Vladimir Putin's request to use Russian forces in Ukraine
- 6 March: Crimea's parliament asks to join Russia and sets referendum for 16 March
The exchange between Mr Kerry and Mr Lavrov came in a telephone conversation on Saturday, a US state department official said.
"He [John Kerry] made clear that continued military escalation and provocation in Crimea or elsewhere in Ukraine, along with steps to annex Crimea to Russia would close any available space for diplomacy, and he urged utmost restraint," the official said.
Mr Lavrov had earlier said that the crisis in Ukraine was "created artificially for purely geopolitical reasons".
Russian President Vladimir Putin has insisted he has the right to protect Russian interests and the rights of ethnic Russians in Crimea.
Moscow has been tightening its military grip on the Crimean peninsula. The pro-Russian authorities there have called the 16 March referendum to secede from Ukraine and join Russia.
Ukraine and the leading Western nations have called the planned vote illegitimate.
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