The SNP could help overhaul the UK's "crumbling" institutions, Scotland's first minister has said.
Nicola Sturgeon told students at the London School of Economics that her party could work to bring "positive change across the UK".
Recent polls have led to speculation that the SNP could hold the balance of power following May's election.
Labour shadow chancellor Ed Balls has described talk of a coalition with the SNP as "nonsense".
Ms Sturgeon's speech at the London School of Economics set out her approach to tax and spend in areas such as Trident nuclear weapons, the North Sea oil and gas industry and the work allowance.
New studyThe speech, which came ahead of Wednesday's budget, also contained a pledge that the SNP would serve not only Scotland's interests, but those of the whole of the UK.
Labour has downplayed speculation that it could enter a coalition or "confidence and supply" arrangement with the SNP if there was no outright winner on 8 May.
Appearing on BBC One's Andrew Marr Show on Sunday, Mr Balls was repeatedly asked to rule out a deal.
He told the programme the SNP, which campaigns for Scottish independence, "wants to break up the United Kingdom" and could not "stand up for the whole of the UK".
"We don't want any deal with the SNP, it's not part of our plans, it's nonsense," Mr Balls added.
Ms Sturgeon's speech on Monday morning came as a new study suggested a majority of people in the UK believe Scotland will become an independent country despite the "No" vote in last year's referendum.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh said 69% of people in Scotland believed there would be a split, while 59% of those surveyed in England, 54% in Wales and 59% in Northern Ireland thought that Scotland would eventually leave the UK.
The findings were from a survey of more than 7,000 voters across Britain.
In her speech, Ms Sturgeon argued that the UK's most powerful institutions were crumbling and needed urgent reform, and said the SNP could help to overhaul them.
And she said the UK Parliament's "arcane" processes and headline-grabbing surprises "often limit debate on genuinely complex issues".
She said: "The Palace of Westminster is in such a dilapidated condition. Its fabric is crumbling, some areas are prone to flooding and other parts haven't been properly refurbished for generations.
"It's not just the building that needs to be overhauled. It's the institutions."
She added: "If we get the opportunity, we will also seek to play our part in bringing about positive, long-lasting and progressive change right across the United Kingdom."
The first minister also said: "The process UK governments follow now allows virtually no time for proper deliberation or consultation.
"That problem is made worse by the way in which successive governments have approached the Budget.
"Chancellors take pride in pulling rabbits out of the hat. Surprises are seen as a virtue. They help to create headlines and wrong-foot the opposition.
"It's much more difficult for that to happen in Scotland. The Scottish government has to publish a detailed draft budget each September, four months before the budget bill is laid before parliament."
Ms Sturgeon also said that she would pursue her priorities with a "positive" spirit after May's general election and added: "We have clear and constructive views on many aspects of UK policy which affect Scotland deeply - views which we know are often shared by many people elsewhere in the UK."
Public fundingThis was Ms Sturgeon's second high-profile speech in London in recent weeks.
Last month at University College London she attacked the "austerity economics" of the main Westminster parties and called for an extra £180m in public funding to be made available.
Responding to the speech, Scottish Liberal Democrat leader Willie Rennie said it was "farcical" for the first minister to claim that the SNP would bring positive change for the whole UK.
He said: "It is farcical to suggest a party which is sworn to break up the UK would be capable of bringing positive change for the UK.
"If the first minister's idea of positive change is breaking NHS waiting time targets, increasing school class sizes and misjudgements on the economy then I suspect people will reject her plans."
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